India Wind Energy
Introduction[i] Wind is a form of solar energy. Winds are caused by the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, the irregularities of the earth's surface, and rotation of the earth. Wind flow patterns are modified by the earth's terrain, bodies of water, and vegetation. Humans use this wind flow, or motion energy, for many purposes: sailing, flying a kite, and even generating electricity. The terms wind energy or wind power describe the process by which the wind is used to generate mechanical power or electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. This mechanical power can be used for specific tasks (such as grinding grain or pumping water) or a generator can convert this mechanical power into electricity. Simply stated, a wind turbine works the opposite of a fan. Instead of using electricity to make wind, like a fan, wind turbines use wind to make electricity. The wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft, which connects to a generator and makes electricity. Wind turbines generally have three rotor blades, which rotate with wind flow and are coupled to a generator either directly or through a gear box. The rotor blades rotate around a horizontal hub connected to a generator, which is located inside the nacelle. The nacelle also houses other electrical components and the yaw mechanism, which turns the turbine so that it faces the wind. Sensors are used to monitor wind direction and the tower head is turned to line up with the wind. The power produced by the generator is controlled automatically as wind speeds vary. The rotor diameters vary from 30 metres (m) to about 90 m, whereas the towers on which the wind electric generators (WEGs) are mounted, range in height from 25 to 80 m. Learn more about wind energy technology: Potential in India India’s wind power potential has been assessed at 45 000 MW. If this is used potentially, India could rank among world top countries in energy production from wind. Click here for potential locations Installed Capacity The Indian wind energy sector has an installed capacity of 10,242.3 MW (as on March 31, 2009). In terms of wind power installed capacity, India is ranked 5th in the World.[iv]
| State | As on 31.03.2006 | As on 31.03.2007 | Addition during 2006-07 | Addition during 2007-08 | Addition during 2008-09 | Total Capacity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demons- tration Projects (MW) |
Private Sector Projects (MW) |
Total Capacity (MW) |
Demons- tration Projects (MW) |
Private Sector Projects (MW) |
Total Capacity (MW) |
(MW) | (MW) | (MW) till 30.11.08 |
(MW) | |
| Andhra Pradesh | 5.4 | 115.6 | 121.0 | 7.800 | 113.54 | 121.34 | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 122.45 |
| Gujarat | 17.3 | 320.8 | 338.1 | 17.840 | 656.52 | 674.36 | 328.9 | 580.13 | 179.80 | 1432.71 |
| Karnataka | 7.1 | 577.5 | 584.6 | 7.075 | 837.95 | 845.02 | 264.7 | 187.0 | 173.10 | 1184.45 |
| Kerala | 2.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 2.125 | 0.23 | 2.35 | 0.0 | 8.7 | 12.50 | 23.00 |
| Madhya Pradesh | 0.6 | 39.7 | 40.3 | 0.590 | 56.00 | 56.59 | 17.4 | 69.25 | 0.00 | 187.69 |
| Maharashtra | 8.4 | 992.9 | 1001.3 | 8.980 | 1471.3 | 1480.3 | 483.6 | 276.075 | 82.00 | 1837.85 |
| Rajasthan | 6.4 | 351.7 | 358.1 | 6.350 | 465.65 | 471.99 | 111.7 | 70.45 | 132.20 | 670.97 |
| Tamil Nadu | 19.4 | 2873.1 | 2892.5 | 19.355 | 3440.1 | 3459.4 | 565 | 391.90 | 250.30 | 4132.72 |
| West Bengal | 1.1 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 1.750 | 0.0 | 1.75 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 1.10 |
| Others | 1.6 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | 3.20 |
| Total (All India) | 69.6 | 5271.0 | 5340.6 | 73.165 | 7041.2 | 7114.6 | 1773 | 1583.505 | 829.90 | 9587.14 |
SI State Year-wise Installed Capacity Addition (MW) Total No Upto Mar.02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 Capacity
(MW)1 Andhra Pradesh 93.20 0.00 6.20 21.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 122.45 2 Gujarat 181.40 6.20 28.90 51.50 84.60 284.00 616.40 313.60 1566.50 3 Karnataka 69.30 55.60 84.90 201.50 143.80 266.00 190.30 316.00 1327.40 4 Kerala 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.50 16.50 27.00 5 Maharashtra 400.30 2.00 6.20 48.80 545.10 485.30 268.20 183.00 1938.90 6 Madhya Pradesh 23.20 0.00 0.00 6.30 11.40 16.40 130.40 25.10 212.80 7 Rajasthan 16.10 44.60 117.80 106.30 73.30 111.80 69.00 199.60 738.40 8 Tamil Nadu 877.00 133.60 371.20 675.50 857.60 577.90 380.70 431.10 4304.50 9 West Bengal 1.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.10 10 Others 3.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.20 Total (MW) 1666.80 242.00 615.20 1111.70 1716.20 1742.10 1663.30 1484.90 10242.10
Projects in India
India's Largest Wind power Facilities (10 MW and Greater)[v]| Power Plant | Owner | Location | Total Capacity (MWe) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| City | State | |||
| Vankusawade Wind Park | Suzlon Energy Ltd. | Satara Dist. | Maharashtra | 259 |
| Cape Comorim | Aban Lloyd Chiles Offshore Ltd. |
Cape Comorim | Tamil Nadu | 33 |
| Kayathar Subhash | Subhash Ltd. | Kayathar | Tamil Nadu | 30 |
| Ramakkalmedu | Subhash Ltd. | Ramakkalmedu | Kerala | 25 |
| Muppandal Wind | Muppandal Wind Farm | Muppandal | Tamil Nadu | 22 |
| Gujdimangalam | Gujdimangalam Wind Farm | Gujdimangalam | Tamil Nadu | 21 |
| Puthlur RCI | Wescare (India) Ltd. | Puthlur | Andhra Pradesh | 20 |
| Lamda Danida | Danida India Ltd. | Lamda | Gujarat | 15 |
| Chennai Mohan | Mohan Breweries & Distilleries Ltd. |
Chennai | Tamil Nadu | 15 |
| Jamgudrani MP | MP Windfarms Ltd. | Dewas | Madhya Pradesh | 14 |
| Jogmatti BSES | BSES Ltd. | Chitradurga Dist. | Karnataka | 14 |
| Perungudi Newam | Newam Power Company Ltd. |
Perungudi | Tamil Nadu | 12 |
| Kethanur Wind Farm | Kethanur Wind Farm | Kethanur | Tamil Nadu | 11 |
| Hyderabad APSRTC | Andhra Pradesh State Rapid Transit Corp. |
Hyderabad | Andhra Pradesh | 10 |
| Muppandal Madras | Madras Cements Ltd. | Muppandal | Tamil Nadu | 10 |
| Poolavadi Chettinad | Chettinad Cement Corp. Ltd. |
Poolavadi | Tamil Nadu | 10 |
Economics of Wind Energy Government Wind Projects National Wind Power Programme The Wind Power Programme in India was initiated towards the end of the Sixth Plan, in 1983–84. The programme aims at survey and assessment of wind resources, setting up demonstration projects, and provision of incentives to make wind electricity competitive. As a result, wind electricity has emerged as an option for grid-quality power generation. The costs in respect of wind monitoring stations are shared between the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES) and the state nodal agencies in the ratio of 80:20 (90:10 for north-eastern states). Wind Resource Assessment Programme The Wind Resource Assessment Programme is being implemented by C-WET (Centre for Wind Energy Technology) in coordination with state nodal agencies. An annual mean wind power density greater than 200 W/m2 (watts per square meter) at 50-metre height has been recorded at 211 wind monitoring stations, covering 13 states and union territories, namely Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Lakshadweep, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttaranchal, and West Bengal. Master plans Master plans are available for 97 potential sites for wind power in Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal. The master plans provide information on the availability of wind, land, grid availability, and accessibility to the site, which enables project promoters and state nodal agencies to undertake proper planning and implementation of the projects. The master plans have been provided to the state nodal agencies and are made available to project promoters, developers, and consultants through C-WET at a nominal cost. Wind Energy for Water Pumping and Off-grid Power Generation Projects Water-pumping windmill A water-pumping windmill pumps water from wells, ponds, and bore wells for drinking, minor irrigation, salt farming, fish farming, etc. Aerogenerator An aerogenerator is a small wind electric generator having a capacity of up to 30 kW. Wind–solar hybrid systems When an aerogenerator and an SPV system are interfaced, the power generation from these is mutually supplemented, and the resultant hybrid system offers a reliable and cost-effective electric supply in a decentralized mode.
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| Water-pumping windmills | Three water-pumping windmills of AV-55 type installed in and around Auroville have become the exclusive source of drinking water. |
| Aerogenerator |
|
| Wind–solar hybrid systems |
|
Barriers Wind energy companies It is an integrated wind power company whose activities include consultancy, design, manufacturing, operation & maintenance services. They are based in Pune, with operations in Australia, New Zealand, China, USA etc RRB Energy Ltd. offers custom-built turnkey solutions in the area of harnessing wind energy for power generation;It is an independent power producer based in Chennai It is a wind power generation company based in Chennai. It manufactures & markets wind turbine generators. Auro Mira Energy Company Pvt Ltd Auro Mira Energy Company Pvt Ltd is a wind energy company based in Chennai. Their activities include setting up wind farms, sale of points in wind farms to prospective customers, making wind energy generators, erection, commissioning, maintenance etc Enercon India Limited is an ISO 9001:2000 company engaged in manufacturing, installation and servicing of wind energy converters. It is a joint venture between Enercon GmbH, Germany and the Mehra Group of Mumbai. It has manufacturing plants at Daman and Sadodar Pioneer Wincon Private Limited (PWPL), a member company of the Pioneer Asia Group, India is into wind energy. The core business consists of design, manufacture, sales, marketing and maintenance of wind power systems that harness the energy of wind to generate electricity. Regen Powertech Pvt Ltd is a company in Chennai engaged in the manufacture & supply of wind energy generators (WEGs) in India in technical collaboration with M/s Vensys Energie systeme GmbH & Co. KG Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET) Indian Wind Energy Association [i] http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/wind_how.html [ii] http://www1.eere.energy.gov/windandhydro/wind_how.html [iii] http://mnes.nic.in/booklets/Book6-e.pdf [iv] http://www.inwea.org/ [v] Source:http://www.energymanagertraining.com/power_plants/Power_stations.htm *Data For 2009
Wind energy research centres
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has been planning and developing the basic infrastructure, institutions, and resources for carrying out research and development, large scale demonstration and diffusion of the non-conventional energy sources. As a step towards achieving these broad goals and to tackle the challenges in sustaining the development and accelerating the pace of utilization of wind energy in the country the Centre for Wind Energy Technology (C-WET) has been established by MNRE at Chennai as an autonomous R&D institution of Government of India. A Wind Turbine Test Station with technical and partial financial support by Danida, Government of Denmark, has been established at Kayathar, in Thoothukudi district, and Tamilnadu, as an integral part of the Centre.
Apex bodies
PHD House, 3rd Floor,
Opp. Asian Games Village,
August Kranti Marg,
New Delhi - 110016
Telefax: +91 11 26523042
Indian Wind Turbine Manufacturers Association
Suite# A2 OPG Towers, 74(Old No.133),
Santhome High Road, Chennai 600 004.
Tel.(044)24620227
Centre for Wind Energy Technology(C-WET)
Velachery-Tambaram High Road,
Pallikaranai, Chennai - 601302
Tel : 91-44-22463982-84
Fax : 91-44-22463980
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